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  Swallowing Disorders 
Synonym(s):  Dysphagia
Reviewed  11-6-2002  

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Table of Contents (click to jump to sections)

What are Swallowing Disorders?
Is there any treatment?
What is the prognosis?
What research is being done?

Organizations

What are Swallowing Disorders?
Swallowing disorders - defined as difficulty in passing food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach - occur in all age groups, but especially in the elderly. The disorders can occur at any stage of the normal swallowing process, in which food and liquid move from the mouth, through the pharynx, into the esophagus, and finally, into the stomach. The disorders are common in individuals with degenerative neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), postpolio syndrome, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, and may be the first symptom of the disease. They may also occur after sudden neurological damage as in stroke, or head or spinal cord injury, or indicate other problems, such as the presence of cancer or heart problems. People with swallowing disorders may suffer from weight loss or dehydration and may be at risk for developing pneumonia. Some individuals notice that the disorders get worse at times of stress or excitement.

Is there any treatment?
Drug therapy, including botulinum toxin injection, may provide relief to some individuals with swallowing disorders. Surgery may also be needed in severely affected persons. Many individuals can be helped by changing their diets and learning new feeding techniques, for example, positioning the head and neck in a certain way to help in swallowing.

What is the prognosis?
While in many cases, swallowing disorders can be partially or completely corrected, in some cases they can be life-threatening and require aggressive interventions, such as feeding tubes. The prognosis for people with swallowing disorders that accompany other diseases depends upon the severity of those other diseases.

What research is being done?
The NINDS supports research on conditions - such as swallowing disorders - resulting from or relating to disorders of the brain and nervous system. Much of this research is aimed at finding ways to prevent and treat these conditions.

Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.

 Organizations

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
National Institutes of Health
Bldg. 45, Rm. 4AS19
Bethesda, MD 20892-6400
nidrinfo@od31.nidr.nih.gov
http://www.nidr.nih.gov
Tel: 301-496-4261

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
National Institutes of Health
Bldg. 31, Rm. 3C35
Bethesda, MD 20892-2320
nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov
http://www.nidcd.nih.gov
Tel: 301-496-7243 TTD/TTY: 301-241-1055


NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.

All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.


Provided by:
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892




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