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  Myoclonus 
  
Reviewed  07-01-2001  

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What is Myoclonus?
Is there any treatment?
What is the prognosis?
What research is being done?

Organizations
Related NINDS Publications and Information

What is Myoclonus?
Myoclonus is a term that refers to brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles. It describes a symptom and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease. The myoclonic twitches or jerks are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions; they also can result from brief lapses of contraction. Myoclonic jerks may occur alone or in sequence, in a pattern or without pattern. They may occur infrequently or many times each minute. Most often myoclonus is one of several symptoms in a wide variety of nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Familiar examples of normal myoclonus include hiccups, and jerks or "sleep starts" that some people experience while drifting off to sleep. Severe cases of pathologic myoclonus can distort movement and severely limit a person's ability to eat, talk, and walk. Myoclonic jerks commonly occur in individuals with epilepsy. The most common types of myoclonus include action, cortical reflex, essential, palatal, progressive myoclonus epilepsy, reticular reflex, sleep, and stimulus-sensitive.

Is there any treatment?
Treatment for myoclonus consists of medications that may help reduce symptoms. Many of these drugs, which include barbiturates, clonazepam, phenytoin, primidone, and sodium valproate, are also used to treat epilepsy. The complex origins of myoclonus may require the use of multiple drugs for effective treatment.

What is the prognosis?
Although myoclonus is not a life-threatening condition, it may result in serious, debilitating impairments.

What research is being done?
The NINDS supports and conducts research on movement disorders such as myoclonus. Current research is attempting to clarify and expand the knowledge about myoclonus. Scientists are seeking to understand the biochemical basis of involuntary movements and to find the most effective treatment for myoclonus and other movement disorders.

Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.

 Organizations

Myoclonus Research Foundation
200 Old Palisade Road
17D
Fort Lee, NJ 07024
research@myoclonus.com
http://www.myoclonus.com
Tel: 201-585-0770
Fax: 201-585-8114

Worldwide Education & Awareness for Movement Disorders (WE MOVE)
204 West 84th Street
New York, NY 10024
wemove@wemove.org
http://www.wemove.org
Tel: 800-437-MOV2 (6682) 212-875-8312
Fax: 212-875-8389

National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 1968
(55 Kenosia Avenue)
Danbury, CT 06813-1968
orphan@rarediseases.org
http://www.rarediseases.org
Tel: 203-744-0100 Voice Mail 800-999-NORD (6673)
Fax: 203-798-2291

Related NINDS Publications and Information

  • Fact Sheet: Myoclonus

  • Myoclonus fact sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

  • Patients with Cortical Myoclonus Needed

  • Lay-language descriptions of new program announcements and clinical trials seeking patient volunteers.

  • Los Mioclonos

  • Información sobre mioclonos/Spanish-language fact sheet on myoclonus prepared by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).


    NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.

    All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.


    Provided by:
    The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
    National Institutes of Health
    Bethesda, MD 20892




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