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  Microcephaly 
  
Reviewed  07-01-2001  

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What is Microcephaly?
Is there any treatment?
What is the prognosis?
What research is being done?

Organizations

What is Microcephaly?
Microcephaly is a rare, neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is smaller than the average for the age and gender of the infant or child. Microcephaly may be congenital (present at birth) or it may develop in the first few years of life. The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of the brain, and is often a symptom of syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Infants with microcephaly are born with either a normal or reduced head size. Subsequently the head fails to grow while the face continues to develop at a normal rate, producing a child with a small head, a large face, a receding forehead, and a loose, often wrinkled scalp. As the child grows older, the smallness of the skull becomes more obvious, although the entire body also is often underweight and dwarfed. Development of motor functions and speech may be delayed. Hyperactivity and mental retardation are common occurrences, although the degree of each varies. Convulsions may also occur. Motor ability varies, ranging from clumsiness to spastic quadriplegia.

Is there any treatment?
Generally there is no specific treatment for microcephaly. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. A serious attempt should be made to identify associated congential anomalies and to determine a specific cause of the disorder.

What is the prognosis?
In general, life expectancy for individuals with microcephaly is low and the prognosis for normal brain function is poor. The prognosis varies depending on the presence of associated abnormalities.

What research is being done?
The NINDS conducts and supports a wide range of studies that explore the complex mechanisms of normal brain development. The knowledge gained from these fundamental studies provides the foundation for understanding how this process can go awry and, thus, offers hope for new means to treat and prevent developmental brain disorders, including microcephaly.

Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.

 Organizations

The Arc of the United States
1010 Wayne Avenue
Suite 650
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Info@thearc.org
http://www.thearc.org
Tel: 301-565-3842
Fax: 301-565-3843 or -5342

Birth Defect Research for Children
930 Woodcock Road
Suite 225
Orlando, FL 32803
staff@birthdefects.org
http://www.birthdefects.org
Tel: 407-895-0802 800-313-ABDC (2232)
Fax: 407-895-0824

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
askus@marchofdimes.com
http://www.marchofdimes.com
Tel: 914-428-7100 888-MODIMES (663-4637)
Fax: 914-428-8203

National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities
P.O. Box 1492
Washington, DC 20013-1492
nichcy@aed.org
http://www.nichcy.org
Tel: 202-884-8200 800-695-0285
Fax: 202-884-8441

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
National Institutes of Health
Bldg. 31, Rm. 2A32
Bethesda, MD 20892-2425
NICHDClearinghouse@mail.nih.gov
http://www.nichd.nih.gov
Tel: 301-496-5133 800-370-2943


NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.

All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.


Provided by:
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892




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