Synonyms|Editors|Languages|Comments|Home|Sponsors|Health Information
 
  Infantile Spasms 
Synonym(s):  West Syndrome
Reviewed  07-01-2001  

Get Web page suited for printing
Email this to a friend or colleague
Studies with patients

Table of Contents (click to jump to sections)

What are Infantile Spasms?
Is there any treatment?
What is the prognosis?
What research is being done?

Organizations
Related NINDS Publications and Information

What are Infantile Spasms?
Infantile spasm (IS) is a rare seizure disorder of infancy and early childhood. The onset is predominantly in the first year of life. Characteristic features of IS, sometimes called West syndrome, include myoclonic seizures, hypsarrhythmia (abnormal, chaotic electroencephalogram), and mental retardation. The spasms are described as sudden, brief contractions of one or more muscle groups, and may be followed by a longer (less than 10 seconds) tonic phase. Most often the spasms occur in clusters during which the intensity or the frequency of the spasms may increase progressively to a peak, decline, or cease. The clusters tend to occur soon after arousal from sleep. They are not a feature of falling asleep. The spasms usually involve the muscles of the neck, trunk, and extremities. The intensity of the contraction and the number of muscle groups involved varies in different attacks and from infant to infant. Neurological abnormalities other than seizures and retardation--such as cerebral atrophy, congenital abnormalities and hydrocephalus--are commonly reported among patients with IS.

Is there any treatment?
Some patients may be treated successfully with either ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) or prednisone. Newer antiepileptic medications, such as vigabatrin, and occasionally surgical resection of a seizure focus which triggers the spasms, may be useful in selected patients.

What is the prognosis?
IS is one of the most devastating seizure disorders affecting infants. Spontaneous cessation of spasms occurs in most patients with increasing age. Overall, however, the intellectual prognosis for patients with IS is generally poor because a large number of these babies have neurological impairment prior to the onset of spasms. Many go on to have different types of seizures in later childhood.

What research is being done?
The NINDS supports broad and varied programs of research on epilepsy and other seizure disorders. This research is aimed at discovering new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat these disorders and, ultimately, to find cures for them.

Select this link to view a list of studies currently seeking patients.

 Organizations

Epilepsy Foundation
4351 Garden City Drive
Suite 500
Landover, MD 20785-7223
postmaster@efa.org
http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org
Tel: 301-459-3700 800-EFA-1000 (332-1000)
Fax: 301-577-2684

National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 1968
(55 Kenosia Avenue)
Danbury, CT 06813-1968
orphan@rarediseases.org
http://www.rarediseases.org
Tel: 203-744-0100 Voice Mail 800-999-NORD (6673)
Fax: 203-798-2291

Related NINDS Publications and Information

  • Seizures and Epilepsy: Hope Through Research

  • Information booklet on seizures, seizure disorders, and epilepsy compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

  • Myoclonus Fact Sheet

  • Myoclonus fact sheet compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).


    NINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history.

    All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.


    Provided by:
    The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
    National Institutes of Health
    Bethesda, MD 20892




    Return to top


    Home | About NINDS | Disorders | Funding | News & Events | Find People | Jobs & Training | Accessibility

    H H S Logo - link to U. S. Department of Health and Human Services     N I H logo - link to U. S. National Institutes of Health    N I N D S logo - link to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke    FirstGov Logo - link To FirstGov